1. Immediate Care (First Aid)
- Immobilization: Keep the shoulder still and avoid moving the arm. Use a sling or a piece of cloth to immobilize the arm in a comfortable position.
- Cold Therapy: Apply ice packs to the shoulder for 15-20 minutes every hour to reduce swelling and pain. Ensure the ice is wrapped in a cloth to avoid direct contact with the skin.
- Seek Medical Attention: Dislocated shoulders require prompt medical evaluation to properly reposition the joint.
2. Medical Treatment
- Reduction: A healthcare professional will perform a procedure called "reduction" to put the shoulder joint back into place. This may be done manually, sometimes under local or general anesthesia, depending on the severity and pain.
- Imaging: X-rays or other imaging tests may be used to confirm the dislocation and check for any associated fractures or soft tissue injuries. An MRI may also be needed to assess the labrum/soft tissues around the shoulder.
- Immobilization: After reduction, the shoulder may be immobilized using a sling or shoulder brace for several weeks to allow the joint to heal.
3. Rehabilitation
- Rest: Initially, rest is crucial to allow the tissues to heal properly.
- Physical Therapy: Once the initial pain and swelling subside, physical therapy is usually recommended to restore range of motion, strengthen the shoulder muscles, and improve stability.
- Gradual Return to Activity: Gradually return to normal activities, avoiding any movements that might stress the shoulder joint prematurely.
4. Surgical Treatment (if necessary)
- Indications for Surgery: Surgery may be required if there are repeated dislocations, significant labrum, ligament or tendon damage, fractures, or if conservative treatment fails.
- Procedures: Surgery might involve repairing torn ligaments or tendons, or tightening the joint capsule. In some cases, bone grafting or joint stabilization procedures might be needed.
5. Post-Treatment Care
- Follow-Up: Regular follow-up with your healthcare provider to monitor healing and progress.
- Strengthening Exercises: Continue with prescribed strengthening exercises to maintain shoulder stability and prevent future dislocations.
- Avoid Risk Factors: Avoid activities that might put undue stress on the shoulder, particularly in the early stages of recovery.
Note: Treatment may vary based on the severity of the dislocation, the patient’s overall health, and whether there are any complications like fractures. Always consult with a healthcare provider for a personalized treatment plan.
Author
Dr. Catherine Logan, MD, MBA
Catherine Logan, MD, MBA, MSPT, is a sports medicine orthopaedic surgeon specializing in complex knee and shoulder surgery at Colorado Sports Medicine and Orthopaedics (COSMO) in Denver, Colorado. As a former physical therapist & trainer, Dr. Logan provides a distinct expertise in sports injury, prevention, and surgical management.
